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  linux命令之vim常用命令
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  <p>vim常用命令</p>
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<p>上图<br><img src="https://blog-dxysun.nos-eastchina1.126.net/175824-20161123224659425-328736487.png" alt="vim1"></p>
<h2 id="vim-选择文本，删除，复制，粘贴"><a href="#vim-选择文本，删除，复制，粘贴" class="headerlink" title="vim 选择文本，删除，复制，粘贴"></a>vim 选择文本，删除，复制，粘贴</h2><p>文本的选择</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">v    从光标当前位置开始，光标所经过的地方会被选中，再按一下v结束。 </span><br><span class="line">V    从光标当前行开始，光标经过的行都会被选中，再按一下Ｖ结束。 </span><br><span class="line">Ctrl + v   从光标当前位置开始，选中光标起点和终点所构成的矩形区域，再按一下Ｃtrl + v结束。 </span><br><span class="line">ggVG 选中全部的文本， 其中gg为跳到行首，V选中整行，G末尾</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>选中后就可以用编辑命令对其进行编辑，如 </p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">d   删除 </span><br><span class="line">y   复制 （默认是复制到&quot;寄存器） </span><br><span class="line">p  粘贴 （默认从&quot;寄存器取出内容粘贴） </span><br><span class="line">&quot;+y    复制到系统剪贴板，也就是vim的+寄存器 </span><br><span class="line">&quot;+p   从系统剪贴板粘贴</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>选中单词</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vw   选中当前光标至单词结尾处</span><br><span class="line">viw  选中整个单词，不带结尾空格</span><br><span class="line">vaw  选中整个单词，带结尾空格</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>a会选择一个对象（an object）包括空格在内，而i只会选择一个对象的内部（an inner object）不包含空格。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>删除一行</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dd #删除后下面的行会移上来填补空缺。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>删除字符</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">x #删除一个字符</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>删除单词</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dw 删除当前光标至单词结尾处</span><br><span class="line">viwd 删除选中整个单词，不带结尾空格</span><br><span class="line">vaw  删除选中整个单词，带结尾空格</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>删除换行符</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">J #把两行合并为一行，也就是说两行之间的换行符被删除了</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>撤销</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">u</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>重做  </p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">如果你撤消了多次，你还可以用CTRL-R(重做)来反转撤消的动作。换句话说，它是对撤消的撤消。撤消命令还有另一种形式，&quot;U&quot;命令，它一次撤消对一行的全部操作。第二次使用该命令则会撤消前一个&quot;U&quot;的操作。用&quot;u&quot;和CTRL-R你可以找回任何一个操作状态。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>追加</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">i  #命令可以在当前光标之前插入文本。</span><br><span class="line">a  #命令可以在当前光标之后插入文本。</span><br><span class="line">o  #命令可以在当前行的下面另起一行，并使当前模式转为Insert模式。</span><br><span class="line">O  #命令(注意是大写的字母O)将在当前行的上面另起一行。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>使用命令计数</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">假设你要向上移动9行。这可以用&quot;kkkkkkkkk&quot;或&quot;9k&quot;来完成。事实上，很多命令都可以接受一个数字作为重复执行同一命令的次数。比如刚才的例子，要在行尾追加三个感叹号，当时用的命令是&quot;a!!!&quot;。另一个办法是用&quot;3a!&quot;命令。3说明该命令将被重复执行3次。同样，删除3个字符可以用&quot;3x&quot;。指定的数字要紧挨在它所要修饰的命令前面。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>退出</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ZZ #退出Vim,该命令保存当前文件并退出Vim。</span><br><span class="line">ZQ #退出Vim,该命令不保存当前文件并退出Vim。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>放弃编辑</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:q! #丢弃所有的修改并退出</span><br><span class="line">:e! #放弃所有修改并重新载入该文件的原始内容</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>以Word为单位的移动</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">w #可以将光标向前移动一个word的首字符上；比如&quot;3w&quot;将光标向前移动3个words。&quot;b&quot;命令则将光标向后移动到前一个word的首字符上。</span><br><span class="line">e #会将光标移动到下一个word的最后一个字符。命令&quot;ge&quot;，它将光标移动到前一个word的最后一个字符上。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>移动到行首或行尾</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ #命令将光标移动到当前行行尾。&quot;$&quot;命令还可接受一个计数，如&quot;1$&quot;会将光标移动到当前行行尾，&quot;2$&quot;则会移动到下一行的行尾，如此类推。</span><br><span class="line">^ #命令将光标移动到当前行的第一个非空白字符上。&quot;0&quot;命令则总是把光标移动到当前行的第一个字符上。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>“0”命令却不能接受类似这样的计数，命令”^”前加上一个计数也没有任何效果。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>移动到指定字符上</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">fx #在当前行上查找下一个字符x（向右方向），可以带一个命令计数&quot;F&quot;命令向左方向搜索。&quot;tx&quot;命令形同&quot;fx&quot;命令，只不过它不是把光标停留在被搜索字符上，而是在它之前的一个字符上。提示：&quot;t&quot;意为&quot;To&quot;。该命令的反方向版是&quot;Tx&quot;。这4个命令都可以用&quot;;&quot;来重复。以&quot;,&quot;也是重复同样的命令，但是方向与原命令的方向相反。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>以匹配一个括号为目的移动</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">用命令&quot;%&quot;跳转到与当前光标下的括号相匹配的那一个括号上去。如果当前光标在&quot;(&quot;上，它就向前跳转到与它匹配的&quot;)&quot;上，如果当前在&quot;)&quot;上，它就向后自动跳转到匹配的&quot;(&quot;上去.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>移动到指定行</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">用&quot;G&quot;命令指定一个命令计数，这个命令就会把光标定位到由命令计数指定的行上。比如&quot;33G&quot;就会把光标置于第33行上。没有指定命令计数作为参数的话, &quot;G&quot;会把光标定位到最后一行上。&quot;gg&quot;命令是跳转到第一行的快捷的方法。</span><br><span class="line">另一个移动到某行的方法是在命令&quot;%&quot;之前指定一个命令计数比如&quot;50%&quot;将会把光标定位在文件的中间. &quot;90%&quot;跳到接近文件尾的地方。</span><br><span class="line">命令&quot;H&quot;,&quot;M&quot;,&quot;L&quot;,分别将光标跳转到第一行，中间行，结尾行部分。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>




 
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            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
        </div>

        <!-- Default (PhotoSwipeUI_Default) interface on top of sliding area. Can be changed. -->
        <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden">

            <div class="pswp__top-bar">

                <!--  Controls are self-explanatory. Order can be changed. -->

                <div class="pswp__counter"></div>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" style="display:none" title="Share"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>

                <!-- Preloader demo http://codepen.io/dimsemenov/pen/yyBWoR -->
                <!-- element will get class pswp__preloader--active when preloader is running -->
                <div class="pswp__preloader">
                    <div class="pswp__preloader__icn">
                        <div class="pswp__preloader__cut">
                            <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap">
                <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div>
            </div>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)">
            </button>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)">
            </button>

            <div class="pswp__caption">
                <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div>
            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/default-skin/default-skin.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe-ui-default.min.js"></script>

<script>
    function viewer_init() {
        let pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0];
        let $imgArr = document.querySelectorAll(('.article-entry img:not(.reward-img)'))

        $imgArr.forEach(($em, i) => {
            $em.onclick = () => {
                // slider展开状态
                // todo: 这样不好，后面改成状态
                if (document.querySelector('.left-col.show')) return
                let items = []
                $imgArr.forEach(($em2, i2) => {
                    let img = $em2.getAttribute('data-idx', i2)
                    let src = $em2.getAttribute('data-target') || $em2.getAttribute('src')
                    let title = $em2.getAttribute('alt')
                    // 获得原图尺寸
                    const image = new Image()
                    image.src = src
                    items.push({
                        src: src,
                        w: image.width || $em2.width,
                        h: image.height || $em2.height,
                        title: title
                    })
                })
                var gallery = new PhotoSwipe(pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default, items, {
                    index: parseInt(i)
                });
                gallery.init()
            }
        })
    }
    viewer_init()
</script>

<!-- MathJax -->

<script type="text/x-mathjax-config">
  MathJax.Hub.Config({
      tex2jax: {
          inlineMath: [ ['$','$'], ["\\(","\\)"]  ],
          processEscapes: true,
          skipTags: ['script', 'noscript', 'style', 'textarea', 'pre', 'code']
      }
  });

  MathJax.Hub.Queue(function() {
      var all = MathJax.Hub.getAllJax(), i;
      for(i=0; i < all.length; i += 1) {
          all[i].SourceElement().parentNode.className += ' has-jax';
      }
  });
</script>

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.6/unpacked/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script>
<script>
  var ayerConfig = {
    mathjax: true
  }
</script>

<!-- Katex -->

<!-- busuanzi  -->


<script src="/js/busuanzi-2.3.pure.min.js"></script>


<!-- ClickLove -->

<!-- ClickBoom1 -->

<!-- ClickBoom2 -->

<!-- CodeCopy -->


<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/clipboard.css">

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/clipboard@2/dist/clipboard.min.js"></script>
<script>
  function wait(callback, seconds) {
    var timelag = null;
    timelag = window.setTimeout(callback, seconds);
  }
  !function (e, t, a) {
    var initCopyCode = function(){
      var copyHtml = '';
      copyHtml += '<button class="btn-copy" data-clipboard-snippet="">';
      copyHtml += '<i class="ri-file-copy-2-line"></i><span>COPY</span>';
      copyHtml += '</button>';
      $(".highlight .code pre").before(copyHtml);
      $(".article pre code").before(copyHtml);
      var clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.btn-copy', {
        target: function(trigger) {
          return trigger.nextElementSibling;
        }
      });
      clipboard.on('success', function(e) {
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copied');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPIED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
      clipboard.on('error', function(e) {
        e.clearSelection();
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copy-failed');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-time-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPY FAILED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-time-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
    }
    initCopyCode();
  }(window, document);
</script>


<!-- CanvasBackground -->


<script src="/js/dz.js"></script>



    
  </div>
</body>

</html>